Understanding closure for understanding the evolution of particles

Closure guides the path of particle-evolution. This is the principal idea of the operator hypothesis. That closure patterns determine particle-evolution implies a paradigm shift from a world ruled by evolution to one shaped by closure.

What is closure? - This chapter shows the difference between structural closure and functional closure. It also introduces the concept of 'first-next possible closure' that is fundamental to the operator hierarchy.

Closure: types & levels - Every closure step in the operator hierarchy creates a more complex particle. The subsequent closures are not all the same. They can be grouped according to closure types and hierarchical levels.